Political Barriers to Education - from Juicy Dragons

● (S) Policies that exclude access to education
a. Females
i. Brock, T. (2010). Young adults and higher education: Barriers and breakthroughs to success. The Future of Children, 20(1). 109-132. doi:10.1353/foc.0.0040
ii. Kane, J. (2006). Including and excluding girls. Gender and Education, 18(5), 561-565. doi:10.1080/09540250600881725
● (A) Political instability
a. countries at war
b. political unrest, constant changes in government and leadership
c. corruption-Child Soldiers
d. Child Refugees
i. Educate a Child, Barrier: Refugee (2014), retrieved from: http://educateachild.org/explore/barriers-to-education/refugees
ii. UNESCO, 2013. Children still battling to go to school. Education for All Global Monitoring Report Policy Paper 10. Retrieved from:http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002216/221668E.pdf

● (R) Underrepresentation of women in decision making
a. Rai, Shirin. (2014). From barrier to enabler: how politics can help girls live up to their potential. The Guardian. Retrieved from  http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/oct/22/politics-adolescent-girls-empowerment
b. Steyn, G. M., & Parsaloi, M. W. (2014). Moving towards Gender Equality: The Case of Female Head Teachers in Kenya. Gender & Behaviour, 12(3), 5980-5993.
c. Howell, J. (2006). Women's Political Participation in China: in whose interests elections?. Journal Of Contemporary China, 15(49), 603-619. doi:10.1080/10670560600836614
● (R) Weak legislation on
a. official age for first marriage, sexual abuse, and pregnancies in school
i. Tanzania: Child Marriage Harms Girls. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/29/tanzania-child-marriage-harms-girls
ii. Human Rights Watch. (2014).No Way Out: Marriage and Human Rights Abuses in Tanzania. Retrieved from  http://www.hrw.org/node/130124
iii. Child Marriage and The Law. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage-law/
iv. Chilisa, B. (2002). National Policies on Pregnancy in Education Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Botswana. Gender & Education, 14(1), 21-35. doi:10.1080/09540250120098852
● (R) Policies on infrastructure, safety, and abundance
a. EDUCATION IN AFGHANISTAN. (2005). Herizons, 1810.
b. Barriers to Education. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.care.org/our-work/education/girls-education/barriers-education
c. Adelman, H.,  & Taylor, L.  (2011). Expanding School Improvement Policy to Better Address Barriers to Learning. Policy Futures in Education. 9, 431-436. Retrived from http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu/pdfdocs/expandingsip.pdf

● (A) Weak legislation on
a. official school entry
b. obligatory enrollment
c. enrollment for undocumented immigrants (*Malaysia)
i. UNESCO. (2004). Gender and education for all: The leap to equality. Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2003/2004. http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/efa_gmr_2003-4.pdf